The Global Carbon Trading Market: Concepts, Regulations in addition to Industry Trends in order to 2020

GBI Research's report, "The Global Carbon Trading Market - Concepts, Regulations and also Industry Trends for you to 2020" presents a strong in-depth research within the world-wide carbon buying and selling market. The report provides modern facts about the value, amount plus price of that emissions traded inside major project-based mechanisms for example Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Joint Implementation (JI) along with secondary CDM, and also money economies just like this EU Emission Trading System (ETS), New South Wales Exchange, Chicago Climate Exchange, your Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) in addition to Assigned Amount Units (AAUs). The report delivers a scenario-based predict with the carbon market up to 2020. The review provides an understanding upon a variety of carbon dioxide registrie s, carbon trades as well as main organizations partnering within the carbon trade. The research work presents essential evaluation associated with probability in addition to possibilities for any corporate and business inside the carbon restriction environment. Regulatory initiatives to mitigate weather factors alter possess spawned a good growing carbon dioxide market place that grew at composite 12-monthly increase amount (CAGR) involving 89% to realize $138.3 billion around 2009. The EU's projects to build a broad, in the world linked carbon market, the likely US Federal cap-and-trade program in addition to the powerful emergence connected with additional regional industry buying and selling mechanisms could drive the actual carbon sector considerably past 2012.

Scope

Key marketplace records within the volume along with current market value involving carbon allowances, overlaying both equally project-based ventures plus allowance-based deals from 2004€2009. Analysis on all international carbon sector exchanges € the particular EU Emission Trading System (ETS), New South Wales Exchange, Chicago Climate Exchange, that Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), Australian Climate Exchange, World Green Exchange etc. Historic prices developments for carbon around several trades and project-based transactions through 2005€2009. Forecasts involving the international carbon dioxide trading market about 2020 influenced by probably scenarios dress yourself in emerge within the future. Impact review of key carbon regulations as well as guidelines and their own impact on the growing associated with worldwide carbon trading market. Analyzes market-based instruments for instance certification along with models employed in carbon stock trading around 2009. Overview with investment decision firms, infrastructure plus power service providers, advisory companies, monetary firms, broker agent firms, carbon dioxide solution suppliers and other auditing companies playing carbon trade. Key emission buying and selling corporations insured comprise several Degrees Incorporated, APX Incorporated, Baker & McKenzie, Blue Source, CantorCO2e, Climate Focus and Credit Suisse Assessment of chance along with possibilities with the management and business from the carbon restriction environment

Reasons to buy

Navigate this carbon dioxide emission market surroundings by way of thorough examination of the existing carbon market mechanics plus prospective changes Identify the most encouraging geography find inside energy productivity along with replenish-able power projects, so that you can lessen carbon taxes. Identify the most encouraging geography to purchase this unconventional and renewable electricity areas to lessen carbon taxes. Develop personalized systems to get numerous geographies based on your stringency belonging to the carbon scheme inside the respective geography. Develop enterprise systems when using the help connected with unique experience in to insurance plan conclusions staying taken on the carbon breaks industry simply by EU 27, this US, Australia and various created as well as rising nations around the world worldwide. Identify risks linked to shrinking carbon emission cap as well as change them into options regarding future growth.

1 Table of Contents 6

1.1 List with Tables 8 1.2 List regarding Figures 9

2 Introduction 10

2.1 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions and also Their Impact with Global Carbon Trading Markets 10 2.1.1 Impact of Greenhouse Gases about Ecology 10 2.1.2 Naturally Occurring Carbon Cycle 11 2.1.3 Global Initiatives to Reduce Carbon Footprint 12

3 Origins connected with Carbon Trading Market as well as Exchanges 14

3.1 Evolution involving Carbon Trading Market 14 3.2 Global as well as Regional Carbon Exchanges 15

4 Kyoto Protocol, a new Precursor involving Emissions Trading Systems 17

4.1 Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) 19 4.1.1 CDM Project Activity Cycle 20 4.1.2 Joint Implementation (JI) and Assigned Amount Unit (AAU) 20 4.1.3 Emission Trading 28

5 Global Carbon Trading Market: Dynamics plus Statistics 29

5.1 Global Carbon Trading Market Overview 29 5.2 Global Allowance Markets thirty-one 5.2.1 The EU Emission Trading Scheme: Still the Most Prominent Carbon Market 32 5.2.2 The US Market 33 5.2.3 The Australian Market 35 5.3 Global Project-based Market 36 5.3.1 Primary Project-based Market 37 5.3.2 Secondary Project-based Market 56 5.4 Post 2012 Market Uncertainty: Scenario Based Forecast to help 2020 57 5.4.1 Linear Growth: Moderate Market using Current Programs and also Policies 57 5.4.2 Scaling Up: Implementation regarding US Cap-and-Trade Program in addition to EU Integrated Systems 59 5.4.3 Global Reach: Collaboration involving EU, this US as well as Developing Nations 61

6 Global Carbon Credits Market Policy Framework Facilitating Emissions Trading 63

6.1 Overview involving Regulatory Framework for Emission Trading Systems 63 6.1.1 American Clean Energy along with Security Act as well as it's Implications 63 6.1.2 European Union's Climate Change Policy 64 6.1.3 Climate Change Initiatives within Canada along with Prospects to get Emissions Trading 67 6.1.4 Australia's Climate Change Initiatives will Aid your Emission Trading Mechanism 67 6.2 Increasing Role connected with International Emissions Trading as well as International Emissions Trading Association (IETA) inside Boosting that Market 68 6.2.1 Objectives associated with IETA 68 6.2.2 Programs by IETA 68 6.3 Various Regulatory Frameworks and also Regional Initiatives in your US 69 6.3.1 American Clean Energy as well as Security Act connected with 2009 70 6.3.2 Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) inside the US 71 6.3.3 California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 AB 32 73 6.3.4 Western Climate Initiative (WCI) 73 6.3.5 Midwestern Regional GHG Reduction Accord (MGGRA) 74 6.3.6 EPA Climate Leaders 74 6.3.7 Hawaii Global Warming Solutions Act regarding 2007 74 6.4 European Union Emissions Trading System Promotes Emissions Trading Market 75 6.4.1 EU ETS 75 6.4.2 Revised EU ETS 75 6.5 Japan's Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan and also Other Voluntary Markets 77 6.6 Emission Reduction Schemes with Australia 78 6.6.1 New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme 78 6.6.2 Greenhouse Challenge Plus 78 6.6.3 Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme 78 6.7 Canadian Government's Measures and Initiatives Drive Carbon Trading 79 6.8 Global Carbon Credits Standards 79 6.8.1 American Carbon Registry Standard 80 6.8.2 The Climate Action Reserve Protocols 81 6.8.3 The CarbonFix Standard 81 6.8.4 Chicago Climate Exchange Offsets Program 81 6.8.5 Climate, Community, and Biodiversity Standards 81 6.8.6 EPA Climate Leaders Offset Guidance 81 6.8.7 Greenhouse Gas Services Standard 81 6.8.8 The Gold Standard 82 6.8.9 Greenhouse Friendly 82 6.8.10 ISO 14064 Standards 82 6.8.11 Plan Vivo 82 6.8.12 Social Carbon Standard 82 6.8.13 TUV NORD Climate Change Standard along with VER+ Standard 82 6.8.14 Voluntary Carbon Standard 83

7 Competitive Landscape regarding Emission Trading Companies 84

7.1 3 Degrees Incorporated 84 7.2 APX Incorporated 84 7.3 Baker & McKenzie 84 7.4 Blue Source 84 7.5 CantorCO2e 84 7.6 Climate Focus 85 7.7 Credit Suisse 85 7.8 EcoSecurities Group 85 7.9 Equator LLC 85 7.10 MGM International 85 7.11 Natsource 85 7.12 RNK Capital LLC 86 7.13 Sterling Planet, Incorporated 86 7.14 Tradition Financial Services/TFS Energy/TFS Green 86 7.15 TUV SUD America 86

8 Corporate Sustainability within a Changing Landscape 87

8.1 Carbon Exposure Risks 87 8.2 Carbon Exposure Opportunities 88 8.3 Carbon Emission Intensity by Sector 88 8.4 Companies tend to be Expanding the Horizons regarding Sustainability Practices € New Initiatives throughout Carbon Sustainability 89 8.4.1 Chevron Corporation € Multifaceted Response to Climate Change 89 8.4.2 Walmart Stores, Inc. € Sustainability Mandate during the entire Supply Chain 91 8.4.3 General Electric Co. € Ecomagination Initiative, Revenue Opportunities from Climate Change Solutions 92

9 Appendix 94

9.1 About GBI Research 94 9.2 Abbreviations 94 9.3 Methodology 96 9.3.1 Coverage 97 9.3.2 Secondary Research 97 9.3.3 Primary Research 97 9.3.4 Expert Panel Validation 98 9.4 Contact Us 98 9.5 Disclaimer 98