The Global Carbon Trading Market: Concepts, Regulations as well as Industry Trends to 2020

GBI Research's report, "The Global Carbon Trading Market - Concepts, Regulations and Industry Trends to 2020" provides an in-depth analysis within the world carbon stock trading market. The survey provides modern tips about the value, level in addition to price of your emissions exchanged inside principal project-based mechanisms for example Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Joint Implementation (JI) plus secondary CDM, along with permitting marketplaces like the EU Emission Trading System (ETS), New South Wales Exchange, Chicago Climate Exchange, this Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) plus Assigned Amount Units (AAUs). The review gives a scenario-based predicted from the carbon sector up for you to 2020. The statement presents a summary on many carbon registries, carbon dioxide exchange s and that major companies doing the particular carbon trade. The study perform delivers indispensable test of possibility in addition to opportunities for any corporate within the actual carbon constraint environment. Regulatory efforts to mitigate environment alter have spawned an rising carbon marketplace which mature from compound twelve-monthly growth rate (CAGR) connected with 89% to be able to attain $138.3 billion with 2009. The EU's attempts to create a broad, worldwide associated carbon market, that likely US Federal cap-and-trade course and also the powerful beginning associated with alternative regional market trading mechanisms will travel the particular carbon market place drastically outside of 2012.

Scope

Key market place information on the level as well as market place valuation with carbon dioxide allowances, addressing each project-based purchases and also allowance-based orders from 2004€2009. Analysis on almost all world carbon dioxide industry exchanges € the actual EU Emission Trading System (ETS), New South Wales Exchange, Chicago Climate Exchange, this Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), Australian Climate Exchange, World Green Exchange etc. Historic pricing trends to get carbon dioxide around many deals and also project-based purchases coming from 2005€2009. Forecasts with the international carbon exchanging industry as much as 2020 depending on likely cases that could emerge inside the future. Impact examination of essential carbon laws and coverage along with their effect on your development connected with world wide carbon dioxide investing market. Analyzes market-based tools including certification and standards employed in carbon trading around 2009. Overview on expenditure firms, commercial infrastructure and electrical power company providers, advisory companies, monetary firms, broker firms, carbon resolution providers and other auditing agencies participating in carbon trade. Key emission stock trading organizations dealt with consist of several Degrees Incorporated, APX Incorporated, Baker & McKenzie, Blue Source, CantorCO2e, Climate Focus and also Credit Suisse Assessment connected with danger along with prospects for any corporate and business inside that carbon constraint environment

Reasons to buy

Navigate the actual carbon dioxide emission market landscape through detailed analysis from the present carbon current market dynamics as well as potential changes Identify by far the most possible geography to get around energy efficacy in addition to replenishable vitality projects, as a way to minimize carbon dioxide taxes. Identify essentially the most offering geography obtain within the unconventional and renewable vigor groups to be able to decrease carbon taxes. Develop custom made approaches for various geographies according to the actual stringency of the carbon coverage in the individual geography. Develop small business approaches while using assistance involving particular insights towards insurance plan selections getting consumed within the carbon breaks deal through EU 27, the actual US, Australia and also other developed and appearing international locations worldwide. Identify hazards connected to tightening carbon emission cap and also transform these folks into programs intended for long run growth.

1 Table regarding Contents 6

1.1 List with Tables 8 1.2 List associated with Figures 9

2 Introduction 10

2.1 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions along with Their Impact on Global Carbon Trading Markets 10 2.1.1 Impact of Greenhouse Gases about Ecology 10 2.1.2 Naturally Occurring Carbon Cycle 11 2.1.3 Global Initiatives to be able to Reduce Carbon Footprint 12

3 Origins involving Carbon Trading Market and also Exchanges 14

3.1 Evolution associated with Carbon Trading Market 14 3.2 Global along with Regional Carbon Exchanges 15

4 Kyoto Protocol, a new Precursor of Emissions Trading Systems 17

4.1 Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) 19 4.1.1 CDM Project Activity Cycle 20 4.1.2 Joint Implementation (JI) and Assigned Amount Unit (AAU) 20 4.1.3 Emission Trading 28

5 Global Carbon Trading Market: Dynamics as well as Statistics 29

5.1 Global Carbon Trading Market Overview 29 5.2 Global Allowance Markets 31 5.2.1 The EU Emission Trading Scheme: Still the Most Prominent Carbon Market 32 5.2.2 The US Market 33 5.2.3 The Australian Market 35 5.3 Global Project-based Market 36 5.3.1 Primary Project-based Market 37 5.3.2 Secondary Project-based Market 56 5.4 Post 2012 Market Uncertainty: Scenario Based Forecast in order to 2020 57 5.4.1 Linear Growth: Moderate Market by using Current Programs as well as Policies 57 5.4.2 Scaling Up: Implementation involving US Cap-and-Trade Program and EU Integrated Systems 59 5.4.3 Global Reach: Collaboration with EU, your US and Developing Nations 61

6 Global Carbon Credits Market Policy Framework Facilitating Emissions Trading 63

6.1 Overview connected with Regulatory Framework to get Emission Trading Systems 63 6.1.1 American Clean Energy and Security Act and its Implications 63 6.1.2 European Union's Climate Change Policy 64 6.1.3 Climate Change Initiatives with Canada along with Prospects for Emissions Trading 67 6.1.4 Australia's Climate Change Initiatives will Aid the Emission Trading Mechanism 67 6.2 Increasing Role with International Emissions Trading plus International Emissions Trading Association (IETA) throughout Boosting this Market 68 6.2.1 Objectives involving IETA 68 6.2.2 Programs by IETA 68 6.3 Various Regulatory Frameworks in addition to Regional Initiatives from the US 69 6.3.1 American Clean Energy and Security Act regarding 2010 70 6.3.2 Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) from the US 71 6.3.3 California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 AB 32 73 6.3.4 Western Climate Initiative (WCI) 73 6.3.5 Midwestern Regional GHG Reduction Accord (MGGRA) 74 6.3.6 EPA Climate Leaders 74 6.3.7 Hawaii Global Warming Solutions Act involving two thousand and seven 74 6.4 European Union Emissions Trading System Promotes Emissions Trading Market 75 6.4.1 EU ETS 75 6.4.2 Revised EU ETS 75 6.5 Japan's Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan and Other Voluntary Markets 77 6.6 Emission Reduction Schemes connected with Australia 78 6.6.1 New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme 78 6.6.2 Greenhouse Challenge Plus 78 6.6.3 Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme 78 6.7 Canadian Government's Measures and Initiatives Drive Carbon Trading 79 6.8 Global Carbon Credits Standards 79 6.8.1 American Carbon Registry Standard 80 6.8.2 The Climate Action Reserve Protocols 81 6.8.3 The CarbonFix Standard 81 6.8.4 Chicago Climate Exchange Offsets Program 81 6.8.5 Climate, Community, and Biodiversity Standards 81 6.8.6 EPA Climate Leaders Offset Guidance 81 6.8.7 Greenhouse Gas Services Standard 81 6.8.8 The Gold Standard 82 6.8.9 Greenhouse Friendly 82 6.8.10 ISO 14064 Standards 82 6.8.11 Plan Vivo 82 6.8.12 Social Carbon Standard 82 6.8.13 TUV NORD Climate Change Standard plus VER+ Standard 82 6.8.14 Voluntary Carbon Standard 83

7 Competitive Landscape regarding Emission Trading Companies 84

7.1 three or more Degrees Incorporated 84 7.2 APX Incorporated 84 7.3 Baker & McKenzie 84 7.4 Blue Source 84 7.5 CantorCO2e 84 7.6 Climate Focus 85 7.7 Credit Suisse 85 7.8 EcoSecurities Group 85 7.9 Equator LLC 85 7.10 MGM International 85 7.11 Natsource 85 7.12 RNK Capital LLC 86 7.13 Sterling Planet, Incorporated 86 7.14 Tradition Financial Services/TFS Energy/TFS Green 86 7.15 TUV SUD America 86

8 Corporate Sustainability in the Changing Landscape 87

8.1 Carbon Exposure Risks 87 8.2 Carbon Exposure Opportunities 88 8.3 Carbon Emission Intensity by means of Sector 88 8.4 Companies are usually Expanding the particular Horizons of Sustainability Practices € New Initiatives throughout Carbon Sustainability 89 8.4.1 Chevron Corporation € Multifaceted Response to be able to Climate Change 89 8.4.2 Walmart Stores, Inc. € Sustainability Mandate during the entire Supply Chain 91 8.4.3 General Electric Co. € Ecomagination Initiative, Revenue Opportunities out of Climate Change Solutions 92

9 Appendix 94

9.1 About GBI Research 94 9.2 Abbreviations 94 9.3 Methodology 96 9.3.1 Coverage 97 9.3.2 Secondary Research 97 9.3.3 Primary Research 97 9.3.4 Expert Panel Validation 98 9.4 Contact Us 98 9.5 Disclaimer 98