The Global Carbon Trading Market: Concepts, Regulations along with Industry Trends to be able to 2020

GBI Research's report, "The Global Carbon Trading Market - Concepts, Regulations in addition to Industry Trends to 2020" delivers a good in-depth study around the worldwide carbon buying and selling market. The statement gives the latest info around the value, level in addition to price of the actual emissions dealt with in most important project-based mechanisms such as Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Joint Implementation (JI) as well as supplementary CDM, as well as allowance marketplaces including EU Emission Trading System (ETS), New South Wales Exchange, Chicago Climate Exchange, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) and Assigned Amount Units (AAUs). The statement offers a scenario-based forecast in the carbon industry way up to be able to 2020. The record supplies a synopsis upon numerous carbo n registries, carbon exchanges and also the significant businesses playing that carbon trade. The research work provides indispensable diagnosis of threat plus options for the business while in the carbon constraint environment. Regulatory attempts to be able to mitigate weather switch possess created a strong growing carbon industry this mature with ingredient total annual growth charge (CAGR) associated with 89% to realize $138.3 billion with 2009. The EU's endeavours to develop a broad, around the globe connected carbon market, your probable US Federal cap-and-trade program plus the formidable emergence connected with different local marketplace trading mechanisms will push the actual carbon current market drastically over and above 2012.

Scope

Key marketplace facts within the level and also marketplace value involving carbon allowances, covering both project-based deals along with allowance-based transactions from 2004€2009. Analysis on most world-wide carbon market place deals € the particular EU Emission Trading System (ETS), New South Wales Exchange, Chicago Climate Exchange, this Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), Australian Climate Exchange, World Green Exchange etc. Historic prices styles with regard to carbon in different trades plus project-based transactions coming from 2005€2009. Forecasts on the world-wide carbon dioxide trading market place about 2020 determined by in all likelihood scenarios that might come out inside the future. Impact evaluation of critical carbon rules and policies in addition to their impact on the growth of world wide carbon exchanging market. Analyzes market-based equipments just like certification plus benchmarks used around carbon dioxide trading inside 2009. Overview on investment decision firms, commercial infrastructure plus energy program providers, advisory companies, financial firms, brokerage firms, carbon answer suppliers along with other auditing companies playing carbon trade. Key emission stock trading firms taken care of consist of three or more Degrees Incorporated, APX Incorporated, Baker & McKenzie, Blue Source, CantorCO2e, Climate Focus along with Credit Suisse Assessment connected with risk along with options for any corporate throughout the actual carbon concern environment

Reasons that will buy

Navigate that carbon dioxide emission market landscape through detailed research from the recent carbon market makeup and probable changes Identify by far the most offering geography find inside electrical power productivity as well as replenish-able energy projects, in order to prevent carbon dioxide taxes. Identify one of the most possible geography look for investment advice within the particular unconventional plus renewable power sectors to minimize carbon taxes. Develop custom made strategies for different geographies according to this stringency with the carbon dioxide coverage within the individual geography. Develop company methods considering the assistance associated with particular experience into insurance plan options becoming ingested to the carbon loans deal by way of EU 27, the US, Australia along with other designed along with coming through locations worldwide. Identify challenges affiliated having securing carbon emission limitation and also transform these people into opportunities pertaining to long run growth.

1 Table regarding Contents 6

1.1 List of Tables 8 1.2 List of Figures 9

2 Introduction 10

2.1 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions plus Their Impact on Global Carbon Trading Markets 10 2.1.1 Impact involving Greenhouse Gases with Ecology 10 2.1.2 Naturally Occurring Carbon Cycle 11 2.1.3 Global Initiatives that will Reduce Carbon Footprint 12

3 Origins associated with Carbon Trading Market and Exchanges 14

3.1 Evolution of Carbon Trading Market 14 3.2 Global and Regional Carbon Exchanges 15

4 Kyoto Protocol, a Precursor of Emissions Trading Systems 17

4.1 Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) 19 4.1.1 CDM Project Activity Cycle 20 4.1.2 Joint Implementation (JI) and Assigned Amount Unit (AAU) 20 4.1.3 Emission Trading 28

5 Global Carbon Trading Market: Dynamics in addition to Statistics 29

5.1 Global Carbon Trading Market Overview 29 5.2 Global Allowance Markets 31 5.2.1 The EU Emission Trading Scheme: Still that Most Prominent Carbon Market 32 5.2.2 The US Market 33 5.2.3 The Australian Market 35 5.3 Global Project-based Market 36 5.3.1 Primary Project-based Market 37 5.3.2 Secondary Project-based Market 56 5.4 Post 2012 Market Uncertainty: Scenario Based Forecast to be able to 2020 57 5.4.1 Linear Growth: Moderate Market by using Current Programs as well as Policies 57 5.4.2 Scaling Up: Implementation of US Cap-and-Trade Program as well as EU Integrated Systems 59 5.4.3 Global Reach: Collaboration regarding EU, that US and also Developing Nations 61

6 Global Carbon Credits Market Policy Framework Facilitating Emissions Trading 63

6.1 Overview involving Regulatory Framework to get Emission Trading Systems 63 6.1.1 American Clean Energy and Security Act as well as it's Implications 63 6.1.2 European Union's Climate Change Policy 64 6.1.3 Climate Change Initiatives in Canada and Prospects pertaining to Emissions Trading 67 6.1.4 Australia's Climate Change Initiatives will Aid the Emission Trading Mechanism 67 6.2 Increasing Role with International Emissions Trading in addition to International Emissions Trading Association (IETA) around Boosting the Market 68 6.2.1 Objectives involving IETA 68 6.2.2 Programs by IETA 68 6.3 Various Regulatory Frameworks and Regional Initiatives in the US 69 6.3.1 American Clean Energy and Security Act with 2009 70 6.3.2 Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) while in the US 71 6.3.3 California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 AB 32 73 6.3.4 Western Climate Initiative (WCI) 73 6.3.5 Midwestern Regional GHG Reduction Accord (MGGRA) 74 6.3.6 EPA Climate Leaders 74 6.3.7 Hawaii Global Warming Solutions Act of 3 years ago 74 6.4 European Union Emissions Trading System Promotes Emissions Trading Market 75 6.4.1 EU ETS 75 6.4.2 Revised EU ETS 75 6.5 Japan's Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan and Other Voluntary Markets 77 6.6 Emission Reduction Schemes associated with Australia 78 6.6.1 New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme 78 6.6.2 Greenhouse Challenge Plus 78 6.6.3 Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme 78 6.7 Canadian Government's Measures in addition to Initiatives Drive Carbon Trading 79 6.8 Global Carbon Credits Standards 79 6.8.1 American Carbon Registry Standard 80 6.8.2 The Climate Action Reserve Protocols 81 6.8.3 The CarbonFix Standard 81 6.8.4 Chicago Climate Exchange Offsets Program 81 6.8.5 Climate, Community, and also Biodiversity Standards 81 6.8.6 EPA Climate Leaders Offset Guidance 81 6.8.7 Greenhouse Gas Services Standard 81 6.8.8 The Gold Standard 82 6.8.9 Greenhouse Friendly 82 6.8.10 ISO 14064 Standards 82 6.8.11 Plan Vivo 82 6.8.12 Social Carbon Standard 82 6.8.13 TUV NORD Climate Change Standard and VER+ Standard 82 6.8.14 Voluntary Carbon Standard 83

7 Competitive Landscape of Emission Trading Companies 84

7.1 3 Degrees Incorporated 84 7.2 APX Incorporated 84 7.3 Baker & McKenzie 84 7.4 Blue Source 84 7.5 CantorCO2e 84 7.6 Climate Focus 85 7.7 Credit Suisse 85 7.8 EcoSecurities Group 85 7.9 Equator LLC 85 7.10 MGM International 85 7.11 Natsource 85 7.12 RNK Capital LLC 86 7.13 Sterling Planet, Incorporated 86 7.14 Tradition Financial Services/TFS Energy/TFS Green 86 7.15 TUV SUD America 86

8 Corporate Sustainability in a Changing Landscape 87

8.1 Carbon Exposure Risks 87 8.2 Carbon Exposure Opportunities 88 8.3 Carbon Emission Intensity by way of Sector 88 8.4 Companies are Expanding your Horizons connected with Sustainability Practices € New Initiatives within Carbon Sustainability 89 8.4.1 Chevron Corporation € Multifaceted Response for you to Climate Change 89 8.4.2 Walmart Stores, Inc. € Sustainability Mandate over the Supply Chain 91 8.4.3 General Electric Co. € Ecomagination Initiative, Revenue Opportunities from Climate Change Solutions 92

9 Appendix 94

9.1 About GBI Research 94 9.2 Abbreviations 94 9.3 Methodology 96 9.3.1 Coverage 97 9.3.2 Secondary Research 97 9.3.3 Primary Research 97 9.3.4 Expert Panel Validation 98 9.4 Contact Us 98 9.5 Disclaimer 98