The Global Carbon Trading Market: Concepts, Regulations in addition to Industry Trends to help 2020

GBI Research's report, "The Global Carbon Trading Market - Concepts, Regulations along with Industry Trends to be able to 2020" gives an in-depth study within the global carbon dioxide investing market. The statement provides the latest information within the value, quantity and tariff of the actual emissions bought and sold with principal project-based mechanisms including Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Joint Implementation (JI) and also legitimate CDM, along with allocated real estate markets including EU Emission Trading System (ETS), New South Wales Exchange, Chicago Climate Exchange, that Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) plus Assigned Amount Units (AAUs). The report provides a scenario-based forecast with the carbon market place up to 2020. The article gives an understanding on various carbon registries, carbon dioxide deals as well as the major companies participating in your carbon trade. The homework work offers indispensable test with chance and also chances for that corporate in the carbon constraint environment. Regulatory projects to offset local climate modify have created a good promising carbon marketplace which increased with substance 12-monthly growth rate (CAGR) with 89% to succeed in $138.3 thousand within 2009. The EU's attempts to create a broad, in the world associated carbon dioxide market, the potential US Federal cap-and-trade software plus this formidable beginning with alternative regional market buying and selling mechanisms will travel the particular carbon marketplace a lot outside of 2012.

Scope

Key sector files within the level and also marketplace cost involving carbon allowances, protecting the two project-based deals and also allowance-based purchases through 2004€2009. Analysis on all world carbon dioxide industry trades € the particular EU Emission Trading System (ETS), New South Wales Exchange, Chicago Climate Exchange, the actual Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), Australian Climate Exchange, World Green Exchange etc. Historic pricing trends to get carbon around various exchanges and project-based ventures from 2005€2009. Forecasts regarding the actual international carbon dealing market up to 2020 determined by very likely scenarios which may arise inside the future. Impact test of important carbon regulations as well as insurance policies and their effect on the growing connected with global carbon dioxide trading market. Analyzes market-based equipments these kinds of while qualifications plus standards found in carbon dealing around 2009. Overview upon investment firms, national infrastructure and energy provider providers, advisory companies, financial firms, brokerage house firms, carbon dioxide solution providers along with other auditing firms engaging in carbon dioxide trade. Key emission trading companies insured include things like 3 or more Degrees Incorporated, APX Incorporated, Baker & McKenzie, Blue Source, CantorCO2e, Climate Focus and Credit Suisse Assessment of possibility and possibilities for the company while in the carbon concern environment

Reasons for you to buy

Navigate the particular carbon emission market panorama through detailed evaluation belonging to the recent carbon current market mechanics and probable changes Identify one of the most promising geography look for investment advice in electricity efficiency in addition to renewable energy projects, as a way to reduce carbon dioxide taxes. Identify the best probable geography to invest inside the unconventional plus renewable energy areas to decrease carbon dioxide taxes. Develop tailor made strategies for different geographies determined by your stringency of that carbon dioxide coverage inside respected geography. Develop enterprise approaches using the assist connected with precise experience into scheme judgements becoming considered on your carbon breaks trade through EU 27, the US, Australia along with produced and emerging countries worldwide. Identify risks linked to securing carbon emission covering plus transform all of them into options intended for long run growth.

1 Table of Contents 6

1.1 List of Tables 8 1.2 List connected with Figures 9

2 Introduction 10

2.1 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions along with Their Impact upon Global Carbon Trading Markets twelve 2.1.1 Impact involving Greenhouse Gases on Ecology 10 2.1.2 Naturally Occurring Carbon Cycle 11 2.1.3 Global Initiatives that will Reduce Carbon Footprint 12

3 Origins involving Carbon Trading Market and Exchanges 14

3.1 Evolution regarding Carbon Trading Market 14 3.2 Global plus Regional Carbon Exchanges 15

4 Kyoto Protocol, some sort of Precursor with Emissions Trading Systems 17

4.1 Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) nineteen 4.1.1 CDM Project Activity Cycle 20 4.1.2 Joint Implementation (JI) and Assigned Amount Unit (AAU) 20 4.1.3 Emission Trading 28

5 Global Carbon Trading Market: Dynamics and Statistics 29

5.1 Global Carbon Trading Market Overview 29 5.2 Global Allowance Markets 31 5.2.1 The EU Emission Trading Scheme: Still the Most Prominent Carbon Market 32 5.2.2 The US Market 33 5.2.3 The Australian Market 35 5.3 Global Project-based Market 36 5.3.1 Primary Project-based Market 37 5.3.2 Secondary Project-based Market 56 5.4 Post 2012 Market Uncertainty: Scenario Based Forecast that will 2020 57 5.4.1 Linear Growth: Moderate Market having Current Programs as well as Policies 57 5.4.2 Scaling Up: Implementation of US Cap-and-Trade Program along with EU Integrated Systems 59 5.4.3 Global Reach: Collaboration of EU, the actual US and Developing Nations 61

6 Global Carbon Credits Market Policy Framework Facilitating Emissions Trading 63

6.1 Overview connected with Regulatory Framework regarding Emission Trading Systems 63 6.1.1 American Clean Energy and Security Act and also it has the Implications 63 6.1.2 European Union's Climate Change Policy 64 6.1.3 Climate Change Initiatives in Canada and also Prospects for Emissions Trading 67 6.1.4 Australia's Climate Change Initiatives will Aid your Emission Trading Mechanism 67 6.2 Increasing Role associated with International Emissions Trading and International Emissions Trading Association (IETA) in Boosting your Market 68 6.2.1 Objectives regarding IETA 68 6.2.2 Programs through IETA 68 6.3 Various Regulatory Frameworks and Regional Initiatives inside the US 69 6.3.1 American Clean Energy and Security Act involving 2010 70 6.3.2 Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) from the US 71 6.3.3 California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 AB 32 73 6.3.4 Western Climate Initiative (WCI) 73 6.3.5 Midwestern Regional GHG Reduction Accord (MGGRA) 74 6.3.6 EPA Climate Leaders 74 6.3.7 Hawaii Global Warming Solutions Act with 2007 74 6.4 European Union Emissions Trading System Promotes Emissions Trading Market 75 6.4.1 EU ETS 75 6.4.2 Revised EU ETS 75 6.5 Japan's Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan in addition to Other Voluntary Markets 77 6.6 Emission Reduction Schemes of Australia 78 6.6.1 New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme 78 6.6.2 Greenhouse Challenge Plus 78 6.6.3 Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme 78 6.7 Canadian Government's Measures along with Initiatives Drive Carbon Trading 79 6.8 Global Carbon Credits Standards 79 6.8.1 American Carbon Registry Standard 80 6.8.2 The Climate Action Reserve Protocols 81 6.8.3 The CarbonFix Standard 81 6.8.4 Chicago Climate Exchange Offsets Program 81 6.8.5 Climate, Community, in addition to Biodiversity Standards 81 6.8.6 EPA Climate Leaders Offset Guidance 81 6.8.7 Greenhouse Gas Services Standard 81 6.8.8 The Gold Standard 82 6.8.9 Greenhouse Friendly 82 6.8.10 ISO 14064 Standards 82 6.8.11 Plan Vivo 82 6.8.12 Social Carbon Standard 82 6.8.13 TUV NORD Climate Change Standard and also VER+ Standard 82 6.8.14 Voluntary Carbon Standard 83

7 Competitive Landscape associated with Emission Trading Companies 84

7.1 three or more Degrees Incorporated 84 7.2 APX Incorporated 84 7.3 Baker & McKenzie 84 7.4 Blue Source 84 7.5 CantorCO2e 84 7.6 Climate Focus 85 7.7 Credit Suisse 85 7.8 EcoSecurities Group 85 7.9 Equator LLC 85 7.10 MGM International 85 7.11 Natsource 85 7.12 RNK Capital LLC 86 7.13 Sterling Planet, Incorporated 86 7.14 Tradition Financial Services/TFS Energy/TFS Green 86 7.15 TUV SUD America 86

8 Corporate Sustainability within a Changing Landscape 87

8.1 Carbon Exposure Risks 87 8.2 Carbon Exposure Opportunities 88 8.3 Carbon Emission Intensity by means of Sector 88 8.4 Companies tend to be Expanding the particular Horizons with Sustainability Practices € New Initiatives with Carbon Sustainability 89 8.4.1 Chevron Corporation € Multifaceted Response that will Climate Change 89 8.4.2 Walmart Stores, Inc. € Sustainability Mandate throughout the Supply Chain 91 8.4.3 General Electric Co. € Ecomagination Initiative, Revenue Opportunities from Climate Change Solutions 92

9 Appendix 94

9.1 About GBI Research 94 9.2 Abbreviations 94 9.3 Methodology 96 9.3.1 Coverage 97 9.3.2 Secondary Research 97 9.3.3 Primary Research 97 9.3.4 Expert Panel Validation 98 9.4 Contact Us 98 9.5 Disclaimer 98